Machine for generating gear teeth



March 11, 1930. w. E. SYKES MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH Filed Nov. 2 192'? 8 Sheets-Sheet l 61ml nup March 11, 1930. w. E. SYKES MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 22, 1927 March 11, 1930. w. E. SYKES 1,750,031

MA CHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR. TEETH Filed Nov. 22, 192'! a Sheets-Sheet 4 w. E. SYKES MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH 8 sheets sheet 5 Filed Nov. 22, 1927 March 11, 1930. w, sYKES 1,759,031

MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH Filed Nov. 22, 1927 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 a gwuanto'o March 11, 1930. w. E. SYKES' 1,750,031

MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH.

Filed Nov. 22, 1927 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 March 11, 1930. w. E. SYKES I MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR- TEETH Filed Nov. 22. 1927 s Sheets-Sheet 8 Suva-nice WILLIAM E. SYKES, F BUFFALO, NEW YORK MACHINE FOR GENERATING GEAR TEETH Application filed November 22, 1927. Serial No. 235,001.

This invention relates to machines by the use of which the form of the faces of teeth of gears or the like, may be' developed or generated while the same are being cut, or if 6 previously roughed out, while they are receiving a finishing operation, such as a finishing cut, grinding, or the like. More especially this invention relates to mechanism which will cause the form generating action of such a machine, and to its combination with mechanism for driving and controlling the cutting tool which operates upon the work.

Accuracy of tooth control is especially desirable for gears used in precision devices wherein the gears should elficiently and accurately mesh in double helical gearing or any gearing Where eificient meshing is required, in order to decrease the power loss or to insure even and noiseless operation thereof. The circular gear-shaped cutters used in the type of gear cutting machines, wherein the cutter is reciprocated across the blanks, should also be accurately formed with respect to the contourof the cutting teeth thereof. In the latter, this contour is usually ground and the machine for this operation should be equipped to provide a generatin movement between the grinding wheel an the work.

'Machines for the above purposes have previously been provided, but many of them are not as accurate as is at present required. Some require considerable time to operate, whereby the cost of the product is comparatively high. ;Others require exceptionally fine and diiiicult adjustments when they are being set up preparatory to their operation,

due to the complicated mechanisms provided in their structures. These latter are, therefore, expensive to operate and require expert operators. Still others requlre the constant attention of an operator during the operation thereof, in order that the machine Will continue to operate and remaln properly adjusted.

This invention contem lates the provis on of an improved machine y the use of which gears may be formed with a contour of the toothed face thereof generated accurately Still another object of this invention is to provide a machine for generating gear teeth, which may be adapted for generating the teeth of either spur or helical gears.

A further object of this invention is to pro vide a machine having means to generate gear teeth, which will operate automatically to successively form the contour of the faces of a plurality of teeth of a gear, without readjustment by or attention of an operator.

A still further object of this'invention is to provide a machine to generate gear teeth, wherein, due to the improved structure, the adjustments required may be readily and accurately made without the necessity of difficult mathematical calculations.

To these and other ends the invention consists in the novel features and combinations of parts to' be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawin s:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a mac ine embodying the features of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a front view of the same; Fig. 3 is an end view of'the same; Fig. 4 is a partial end view of the same;. Fig. 5 is a section of the work supporting means'generally on lines 5-5 of Fig. 1;

I Fig. 6 is a sectionon line 6-6 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a section on lines 7---? of Fig. l,

certain parts not being sectioned for the sake of clearness;

Fig. 8 is a section on lines 8--8 of Fig. 2; Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8, certain parts thereof being in another position;

Fig. 10 is a section on line 10-10 of Fig. 8; Fig. 11 is a section of the cutting tool support taken along the axis'of the cutting tool spindle;

sitions in which the cutting tool support base.

may be disposed;

Figs. 14 and 15 are diagrammatic v ews illustrating the general operations of the machine;

Figs. 16, 17 and 18 illustrate the steps in the operation of generating the form of the face contour of a tooth and a spur gear, the dotted lines illustrating the operation of the same parts when generating the opposite face of the tooth;

Fig. 19 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow 19, Fig. 17;

' Fig. 20 is a section on lines 20-20 of Fig. 17;

Fig. 21 is a front view of a cutting tool support when the same is set to form teeth of a helical gear; I

Fig. 22 is a plan view of the part shown in Fig. 21, and

Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate the relation between the cutting tool and a tooth of a helical gear being formed.

The machine selected to illustrate the features of this invention, is arranged, in this instance, for grinding the faces of the teeth of gears while generating the contour thereof. It will be understood, however, that the features of this invention are not limited for use in connection with a grinding operation, as in effect, the grinding wheel is a cutting tool and it will be obvious to those skilled in mechanical structures that the grinding wheel could readily be replaced by a toothed cutting tool which, by the necessary reduction in the spindle speed, could be caused to operate successfully to completely form the gear teeth. The machine illustrated, generally comprises a main base 10, having a work support 11, mounted upon the front portion thereof, a cutting tool support 12 mounted upon the rear portion thereof, and a ower feeding and work movement control ing device 13 mounted upon one end thereof. Power may be applied to the device 13 by means of a belt connection from a power source with the tight and loose pulleys 14 and 15, respectively. Power to operate the cutting tool ma be obtained by an electric motor 16, whlch may be drivingly connected to the cutting tool spindle.

The work support 11 (see Fig. 5) is secured to a work supporting carriage 17, which is slidably mounted upon the base 10 by the cooperation of slides 18 and 19, with ways 20 and 21 respectively, and-which are directed longitudinallyof the base 10, and

by which reciprocation of the work support 11 in either direction is permitted. Rotatably mounted upon the work support 11 1s a spindle 22, which is substantially vertically disposed relatively to the carriage 17 The spindle 22 is journaled at 23 and 24 1n the work support 11. A relatively large worm wheel 25 is secured to the spindle 22 by means of the key 26 and is enclosed by the work support 11, being disposed therein, the work support 11 being in the form of a hollow casing to form a protecting cover for the parts disposed within or beneath the same. The spindle 22 is provided with an arbor socket 27, into which one end of a work arbor 28 is insertable for driving engagement therebetween.

' The work arbor 28 is locked to the spindle 22, by means of a locking ring 29, which engages external threads upon the arbor 28, and internal threads formed in a recess 30 in the end of the spindle 22. The work 173 is supported upon a sleeve 31, being keyed thereto by a pin key 32, and clamped thereon by means of a clamp nut 33. The sleeve 31 is slidabl mounted upon the arbor 28, and is provi ed with a depending cylindrical portion 34, the exterior ofwhich is threaded. An adjustin sleeve 35 is provided with internal threads at one end, which thread on to the portion 34. The other end of the adjusting'sleeve 35 rests u on and is supported by the upper end of t e spindle 22. R0- tation of the adjusting sleeve 35 will cause the work supporting sleeve 31 to move axi- 100 ally upon the arbor 28 and vertically dispose the work 173 where required. A clamp nut 36 threadingly engaging the outer end of the arbor 28 clamps the sleeves 31 and 35 to the spindle 22 and to each other, to retain them 105 in their adj ustedposition.

The carriage 17 is reciprocated by means of the engagement between the teeth of a rack 37, with the teeth of the pinion 38, which is rotatably mounted upon a stud shaft 39, se- 110 cured to the base 10. The pinion 38 is provided with a hub portion 40, upon which is secured another pinion 41 by means of a key 42. The teeth of the pinion 41 mesh with the teeth of a rack 43 secured to a work control- 115 ling carriage 44. A movement of the carriage 44 in either direction will rotate pinion 41, cause rotation of pinion 38, and move the carriage 17 in a direction opposite to the direction in which carriage 44 is moved. The 120 distance or amount which the carriage 17 is that amount. This relation can be varied by removing one of the pinions and substituting another therefor. Preferably, the pinion 38 is the one replaced, as provision is made for providing different packing blocks, such as 49, in back of rack 37 The pinion 38 may be removed by removing a retaining collar 50, secured to the end of the stud shaft 39 by a screw 51 lifting the pinions from the shaft.

The carriage 44 is slidably mounted upon the base 10 bythe cooperation of guides 45 and 46, with guideways 47 and '48, all of which are directed longitudinally of the base 10 and are parallel to the slides 18 and 19 of the carriage 17. The movements of the carriages 17 and 44 are, therefore, always in parallel. The carriage 44 may be reciproeated upon the base 10 by means of an adjustable crank mechanism. This crank mechanism. comprises a plate 52, suitably secured to the carriage 44 andhaving a slideway in the underside thereof in which a slide 53 is guided and engaged thereby. The slide 53 is engaged by a pin 54, which is secured upon a bar 55. The bar 55 is adjustably secured to a rotatable disk 56 by bolts 57, whereby the length of stroke of the crank mechanismmay be varied to suit requirements.

The disk 56 is provlded with a bearing hub 58, which extends outwardly from one face thereof, and is journaled in a support member 59. A beveled gear 60 is bolted to the outer face of the bearing hub 58 by bolts 61 being centered thereon by the cooperation between a reduced portion 62 of the hub 58 and an opening at and in the center of the gear 60. The teeth of the gear 60 mesh with the teeth of a beveled pinion 63, which is rotatably mounted upon 'a shaft 64. The pinion 63 is provided with a hub portion 65, which in turn is provided with end clutch teeth 66. Theclutch teeth 66 are adapted to be engaged by corresponding clutch teeth 67 provided upon one end of a clutch sleeve 68. The clutch sleeve 68 is slidably keyed to shaft 64 fori rotation therewith.

Clutch teeth 69 are provided upon the other end of the clutch sleeve 68, which are adapted to engage clutch teeth 70, providedupon the hub portion of the spiral gear 71. The teeth of the gear 71' mesh with the teeth of a spiral gear 7 2, which is secured to a shaft 73. The shaft 64 is ournaled in the casing of the feeding or controlling device 13, at each end thereof, one bearing being at 74 and the other at 75. Adjacent the bearing 74, the shaft 64 passes out of the casing and through the pulleys 14 and 15, which are respectively keyed to the shaft and loosely rotatable thereon. A worm 76 is secured to the shaft 64, adjacent the bearing and is in mesh with a worm wheel 77, rotatably mounted upon a shaft 78. A clutch operating cam 79 is secured t0 the face of the worm wheel 77 and rotates therewith. I The cam 79 is provided with camming surfaces 80 and 81, disposed about its periphery and with which an end of a clutch operating rod 82 is adapted to engage. The rod 82 is always under the tension of a spring 83, which tends to retain the end of rod 82 in engagement with the camming surfaces of cam 79. The rod 82 is slidably supported in supports 84 and 85, and intermediate the supports it is secured to a clutch operating arm 86, which is swingably supported at one end to the casingat 87 The other end of the arm 86 is provided with clutch engaging pins 88,, which engage the clutch sleeve 68within a groove 89 formed in the periphery of said sleeve, whereby the same may be shifted along shaft 64 to cause the engagement of th clutch teeth 66 or 69, with the cooperating clutch teeth 67 and 70. p

The other end of rod 82 is provided with the wedge shaped lug 90, which extends into the recess 91 in the face of a cam 92, which is drivingly secured to gear 72. The material at the periphery of the recess 91 is formed to provide camming surfaces 93 and 94. At one point in the periphery of the recess 91, the material of the cam 92 is cut away to provide awedge shaped and substantially radial slot 95 into which the wedge shaped lug fits. When the rod 82 is shifted'in one direction by action of the camming surface 81 of cam 79, and the clutch 68 is operated to cause rotation of the gear 71 and thus rotate gear 72 and cam 92, the lug 90 is released from the slot and'is caused to ride over and upon the camming surface 93. This action retains the clutch in its shifted position until by the rotation of the cam 92 the lug 90 reaches the drop between cam surfaces 93 and 94, whereat the rod 82 is released and as soon as the other end of the same reaches the drop between the camming surfaces 81 and 80 of cam 79, the rod 82 shifts to again clutch in the gear 63. When this action occurs, the lug 90 drops into the slot 95 and retains the cam 91 and gear 72 against rotation.

The shaft 73 extends outwardly through the casing surrounding the device 13, and a gear 96 is secured thereto. Gear 96 is one of a set of change gears 96, 97 and 98 (see Fig. 4), gear 97 being rotatably mounted upon a stud shaft 99, and gear 98 being secured to an end of a shaft 100. The shaft 100 extends through and into the casing of the device 13, and has a beveled gear 101 secured to the inner end thereof. Gear 101 is in mesh with a pair of beveled gears 102 and 103, each of which is rotatably mounted upon oppositely directed bearing studs 104 and 105 respectively, which are formed upon a block 106. The block 106 is mounted upon-and keyed to a shaft 107. Rotatablymounted upon the shaft 107 is a bevel gear 108, which is in mesh "of the gears 101, 102, 103, block 106, and gear 108 forms a differential whereby a reduction in speed is obtained between shafts 100 and 107 The shaft 107 extends out of the casing of.

the device 13 and alongthe base lO substantially parallel thereto and to the carriages 17 and 44, the other end thereof being journaled in a bracket 113 secured to the base 10. Secured upon the carriage 44 is a gear supporting bracket'114, to which is journaled a gear 115. The' shaft 107 extends through gear 115 and drivingly engages the same. Suitable arrangement is provided whereby the shaft 107 is adapted to slide through the gear 115 while in driving engagement therewith, in this instance, the arrangement being the provision of a square form of shaft cooperating with the square opening in the gear. The gear 115 meshes with the gear 116, rotatably mounted upon the bracket 114, and which in turn meshes with agear 117 secured upon an end of a worm shaft 118, which is journaled in the bracket 114. The other end of the worm shaft 118 is j ournaled in the bracket 119, also secured to the carriage 44. A worm 120 is mounted upon the worm shaft 118 and is in mesh with the worm wheel 25.

The base 10 is provided with a raised platform 121 at the rear portion thereof. Slidably mounted upon the platform 121 for movement directed transversely to the movement of the carriages 17 and 44, is an intermediate base 122. Slidably mounted upon theintermediate base 122 for movement parallel to the movements of the carriages 17 and 44, is a cutting tool supporting subbase 123. A manually operated screw 124 secured to a hand wheel 125, and journaled in a bracket 126 secured to the base 10, in cooperation with a nut 127 secured to the base 122, provides the means to adjust the base transversely upon the platform 121. A set of meshed gears 128, one of which is secured to the screw 124 and another to a shaft 129, permits the operation of a screw 124 by means of a hand wheel 130, disposed in front of the machine. The cutting tool support subbase 123 may be moved by the rotation of a hand wheel 131, which is secured to a screw 132. The screw 132 is se curedto the intermediate base 122, and cooperates with a nut 133 which is secured to the base 123. i

The cutting tool supporting means 12, comprises a vertically disposed supporting frame 134, having a horizontally disposed base portion 135.- The base portion 135 is swingably secured to thebase 123 by means instance, is illustrated as bein of a pivot pin 136, disposed adjacent its forward edge. The base 123 is provided with a T slot 137, with which a T bolt 138 cooperates. The bolt 138 is carried by the portion 135 and forms the means whereby the frame 134 may be secured to the base 123 in any of its adjusted positions relatively thereto. The motor 16, in this instance, is mounted upon the portion 135 and disposed in back of the frame 134. Pivotally mounted upon the frame 134 is a cutting tool head 139, having a rearwardly directed circular boss 140, formed thereon. The circular boss 140 extends into and fits an opening in the forwardly directed face of the frame 134. A rearwardly directed bear ing or journal box 141 secured to the boss 140, extends through the rear portion of the frame 134 and is j ournaled therein. A horizontally disposed shaft 142, upon an end of which is mounted and drivingly secured a beveled gear 143, is journaled in the bearing box 141. A suitable coupling 144 may be used to couple the shaft 142 with any suitable driving means, and in this instance, is connected to the armature shaft 145 of the motor 16. An idler beveled gear 146 is mounted upon a shaft 147, which is journaled at each end thereof in the head 139. The idler gear is in mesh with gear 143. A beveled gear 148 drivingly secured to a cutting tool shaft 149 is in mesh with gear 146. The shaft 149 is adapted to slide axially relatively to the gear 148, while in driving engagement therewith, by the cooperation between a key way 150 in the gear and a key 151 in the shaft.

On one end of the cutting tool shaft 149 is secured by means of a key 152, and a clamp nut 153, the cutting tool 154, which in this a grinding wheel made of abrasive materia The shaft 149 is journaled at 155 in. an extension of the head 139 by means of a suitable bearing arrangement, and is journaled at 156 in a bearing support 157, which is secured to the head 139. The other end of shaft 149 is secured within and axially supported by a cup-shaped thrust bearing container 158, which is retained in the bearing support 157 by the cooperation of exterior threads on the container 158, and interior threads in the support 157. Axial movement of the shaft 149 is caused by a relative movement between the container 158 and support 157 by the rotation of the container. A set screw 159 is threaded through the support and adapted to engage the container to lock it against rotatable movement relatively to the support 157.

A grinding wheel trueing device is provided in this instance, and'comprises a diamond pointed screw 160, which is threaded through a slide 161. The slide 161 is slidably mounted in a bracketv 162, secured to the head 139, and has rack teeth formed in a so one edge thereof. An adjusting gear 163, having its teeth in mesh with the rack teeth of the slide 161, forms the means to move the slide in the bracket 162. The diamond point 165 is adjustable toward and away from the surface of the grinding wheel, by means of thescrew 160, and may be locked in its adjusted position by means of thumb nut 164. v

The head 139 is retained to the frame 134 by means of the cooperation of a plurality of T bolts 166, mounted in the head, with the frame within a T slot 167 formed in the frame. By loosening the bolts 166 the head 139 may be tilted at any desired'angle rela tivelyto the frame 134, the angle being visually noted by reference to graduations 168 upon a segment piece 169 secured to the head and corresponding graduations 170 upon a ring 171' secured to the frame 134. Graduations may also be provided upon the adjacent rear edges 17 2 of the frame base portion 135, and the tool support subbase 123.

To generate the contour of the face of the teeth of a spur gear by the use of the above described machine, the machine is adjusted and operates in the following manner, reference being made to Figs. 1 to 20 inclusive. The gear blank 17 3 is mounted upon the work support, as illustrated in Fig. 5, and the cutting tool is disposed in the position illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, 16, 19 and 20. The disposition of the cutting tool in this required position is accomplished by tilting the head 139 relatively to the frame 134 and swinging the base portion 135 relatively to the subbase 123. The surface of the cutting tool is then disposed in position to act upon the toothed surface to be formed. The diamond 165 may now be adjusted (when an abrasive wheel is used) into contact with the active surface of the toolso that as the cutting surface thereof wears it may be retrued by moving the tool toward the diamond. After being trued the relative position of the cutting surface with respect to the toothed surface being formed is the same as it was originally, the diamond point acting as a gauge to insure this result.

Power may now be applied to the drive shaft 64, by shiftingthe driving belt (not shown) from the loose pulley 15 to the tight pulley 14, by means of the operation of a belt shifting rod 174 upon which are the usual belt engaging fingers 17 5 and 176. The shaft 64 is rotated by the pulley 14 whereby the worm 76 and worm wheel 7 7 are rotated. Assuming that the clutch rod 82 is upon the beginning of the cam surface 80, say at 177, and that the clutch sleeve 68 is in the position as illustrated in Fig. 7, the bevel gear 63 will be rotated and drive the gear 60. Rotation of the gear will cause rotation of the disk 56, whereby the crank mechanism will operate to move the carriage 44 to the left in Figs. 1, 2, 9 and 14. Movement of the carriage 44,

in this direction, will, through. the rack 43,

gear 41, gear 38 and rack 37 cause a movement of the carriage 17 in the reverse direction or to the right, in Figs. 1, 2, 9 and 14. Simulta- 17 and 18, whereby the correctcontour of this surface is generated, the contour being that of one face of the gear tooth, in this instance.

The carriages 17 and 44 make one comlete stroke, while the cutting tool is operatmg upon the surface of each tooth, and when this stroke is completed the machine parts are again in position to operate as above described. Before a second stroke can be made, the rod 82 rides up-onto the cam surface 81 of the cam 7 9, whereby the clutch 68 is shifted into clutching engagement with the gear 71 to rotateit. lit-flotation of the gear 71 causes rotation of shaft 7 3, which through the change gears 96, 97 and 98, and the differential gearing, causes the rotation of shaft 107. Rotation of shaft 107 through the gears 115, 116 and 117, causes rotation of theshaft 118 and worm 120. Rotation of the worm 120 causes the worm wheel 25 to rotate, whereby the blank or work 173 is rotated.

By properly proportioning the change gears,

the blank may be rotated. the required amount during this feeding or indexing operation to present the next tooth in proper position for operation thereon by the time the rod 82 reaches the camming surface 94 of cam'91, which during the above operation has been rotating with gear 72. This indexing takes place when the crank is substantially at dead center X- (See Figs. 14 and 15.) When the slot 95 in the cam 91 is in position to receive the lug on the rod 82, the other end of the rod 82 is in the act of dropping from the camming surface 81 to the surface 80 of cam 79. This action will shift the clutch 68 into its crank operating position, and the machine parts will operate to generate the contour of the tooth now presented to the cutting tool. The above operations will continue automatically so that all of the teeth of the gear may be formed and the contour of one face of each tooth may be generated before the ma chine requires the attention of the operator. After all of the teeth of the gear blank 173 have been so formed, the operator stops the machine and may adjust it to form the con tour of the opposite face of each tooth. "When adjusting the machine for this operation, it is not necessary to remove the blank 173 from the work arbor. Instead of this, the cutting tool head is moved to dispose the cutting tool in proper position relatively to the blank. This is accomplished by swinging the support base 135 into the dotted position shown in Fig. 13, and adjusting the cutting tool head 139 to a positionapproximately 180 from its former position. After the cutting tool is disposed in its new position, the work support may be rotated by means of the hand wheel 112 operating upon the worm 120 and worm wheel 25, through the worm 110, worm wheel 109, shaft 107, gears 115, 116 and 117 and shaft 118, to present the surface of a tooth to be formed to the cutting tool in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 16. To obtain the movements for the blank being formed as indicated in dotted arrows in Figs. 16, 17 and 18, the machine is stopped at the position shown in Fig. 14, at which time the clutch 68 is disengaged from the pinion 63 and the crank disk 56 is rotated by hand 180. The machine will now operate as previously described except that indexing will take place at dead center Y instead of at dead center X (see Figs. 14 and 15).

-While the above description is based primarily upon the operation of generating the teeth of a spur gear, this machine is adapted for generating teeth of a helical gear. In both types of gears the setting required between the support 134 and the subbase 123 is substantially the same for a similar form of gear tooth. This setting is at the angle generally termed the pressure angle, which is the angle of one side of a tooth of a rack with which the particular gear to be formed willmesh. The tilting of the tool head 139 is required to present the cutting surface of the tool to the blank substantially parallel to the axis of the blank, and therefore, parallel to the face of the tooth of the spur gear being formed. \Vhen spur gears are being formed, the axis of the cutting tool is preferably horizontally disposed in alignment with the center line through the face of the gear intermediate the sides thereof.

lVhen s ur gear cutters are being formed, the axis'o the cutting tool is disposed below the \center line above mentioned, so as to provide a clearance angle at the bottom of each tooth. Under these conditions it is also necessary to provide cutting clearance at each side I of each tooth along the face thereof. This may be provided by tilting the cutting tool slig itly upwardly beyond the horizontal position, usually an amount around 4. An illustration of this setting is shown in full lines in Fig. 12.

Then it is desired to form helical gears, the angle of helix must be provided for. A fun ther tilting of the head 139 will accomplish this, and a head set for generating the teeth of a helical gear, the helix angle of which is approximately 30, is illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22. Figs. 23 and 24 illustrate the relative relation between the blank and the cutting tool when the machine is set to form helical gears. As in the case of spur gear cutters when helical gear cutters are to be formed, an additional tilting of the head 139 the required amount will provide a clearance angle, thus for a 30 helical gear cutter the head 139 will be tilted approximately 30 plus say 4 for clearance, and the support 134 will be swung to approximately 20 to provide for the pressure angle.

The provision in a machine of this type of a cutting tool shaft or spindle 149, which is disposed at right angles to the driving spindle 142 and mounted upon a support forpivotal movement about an axis concentric to the axis of the driving spindle 142, and wherein the cutting tool head is swingable horizontally parallel to the driving spindle, permits the above adjustments being made without requiring the use of intricate mathematical formulas to ascertain the correct angles at which to dispose the parts relatively to the blank. The helix angle setting may be readily ascertained by the use of a simple formula in which the tangent of the angle at which to set the head equals the tangent of the spiral or helix angle of the tooth to be formed, multiplied by the cosine of the pressure angle for the same tooth. The angle determined by this formula is that to which the head is set by direct reading of the graduations upon the ring 171 and segment 169. The additional angle required for the relief or tool clearance may be obtained by the use of these same graduations. The setting of the cutting tool to accommodate the pressure angle is likewise readily made by direct reference to the graduations upon the corresponding edges 172 of the subbase 123 and base 135.

The machine as described above, is capable of accurate and efficient operation, is substantially automatic and requires a minimum amount of attention by the operator. It is also'readily adjusted when being set up for forming various types and forms of gears or cutters for the same. A machine has, therefore, been provided in which the novel combinations of parts and mechanisms, including novel mechanisms, by the use of which the contour of the face of the teeth of gears may be generated substantially automatically and in an economical and efficient manner.

While I have shown and described a preferred embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that the same is not to be limited thereto in all of its details, as many modifications and variations thereofmay be made, which will lie within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. A. metal working machine, comprising manner mounted on the other of said carriages to rotate said work support, and a cutting tool mounted upon said base and disposed to act upon said work on said work support to form the same while said work is being rotated and reciprocate'd.

2 A metal working machine, comprising a base, a reciprocable carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another reciprocable carriage slidably mounted on said base, means operable by the reciprocation of said first mentioned carriage to reciprocate said second mentioned carriage, a rotatable work support mounted on one of said carriages, means mounted on the other of said carriages to rotate said work support, and means to remove material from work mounted on said work support while said work support is being rotated and reciprocated.

3. A metal working machine, comprising a base, a reciprocable carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another reciprocable carriage slidable relatively to said base, means to reciprocate'said second mentioned carriage, a rotatable ork support mounted on one of said carrides, means mounted on the other of said carriages to rotate said work support, means operable to actuate said work support rotating means, rotatable means to cause an additional rotation of said Work support to index the same, and a cutting tool mounted upon said base and disposed to act upon work on said work support to form the same while said work is being rotated by said work support rotating means, and reciprocated with said carriage upon which said work support is mounted. I

d. A metal working machine, comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted upon said base, another carriage slidably mounted upon saidbase, means to reciprocate said carriages, a work support rotatably mounted on one of said carriages, means carried by the other carriage to rotate said work support when said carriage is reciprocated, means to actuate said work support rotating means to cause an additional rotation of said work support,

and metal cutting means disposed to act upon work in said work support.

5. it metal working machine, comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted upon said base, another carriage slidably mounted uponsaid base, means to reciprocate one out said carriages in one direction while reciprocating the other oi" saidcarriages in the other direction, a work support rotatably mounted on one of said carriages, means carried by the other carriage to rotate said work support when said carriage is reciprocated, actuating means to operate said work support rotating means when said carriage carrying said work support is at rest, to cause the work support to rotate, and metal cutting means disposed to act upon the work on said Work support when said work support is being reciprocated and rotated.

6. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another carriage slidably mounted on said base, and means actuated by the reciprocation of said first mentioned carriage to reci%rocate said second mentioned carriage.

. lin a machine for generating gear teeth,

a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another carriage slidably mounted on said base, and means actuated by the reciprocation of said first mentioned carriage to re cip'rocate said second mentioned carriage re- Versely with respect to the reciprocating movements of saidfirst mentioned carriage.

8. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a base, a carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another carriage slidably mounted on said base, and means actuated by the reciprocation of said first mentioned carriage to reciprocate said second mentioned carriage, a work support rotatably mounted on said second mentioned carriage, and means actuated by the reciprocating movement of said first mentioned carriage to rotate said-work support.

9. a base, a carriage slidably' mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another carriage slidably mounted on said base, a work support rotatably mounted on said second mentioned carriage, means actuated by the reciprocation of said first mentioned carriage to reciprocate said second mentioned carriage, and means to rotate said work support when said first mentioned carriage is at rest.

10. Ina machine tor generating gear teeth, a work support, a cutting tool support, and means to substantially simultaneously and intermittently reciprocate said work support toward and away from, and to rotate said work support relatively to the tool in said tool, support, said means including as a part thereof, means to rotate said work support during the interval between the aforesaid intermittent operations.

11. ltn a machine of the type described, a base, a carriage slidably mounted upon said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another carriage slidably mounted upon said base, connecting means between said carriages in a machine for generating gear teeth,

Tilt) lllti operable to reciprocate said second mentioned carriage when said first mentioned carriage is reciprocated, a work support rotatably mounted upon said second mentioned carriage, rotatable means carried by said first mentioned carriage to rotate said work suport, said work support rotating means hemg actuated by the reciprocation of its carrymg carriage, and means to rotate said work support rotating means when its carrying carriage is at rest, whereby said work support is rotated.

12. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a rotatably and reciprocably mounted work support, a toothed wheel operatively connected to said sup rt, and a rotatably mounted and reciproca 1e member operatively cooperatingwith said wheel to rotate the same when the member is rotated and when the member is reciprocated.

13. In a machine of the type described, a base, a carriage slidably mounted upon said base, means to reciprocate said carriage another carriage slidably mounted upon said base, connecting means between said carriages operable to reciprocate said second mentioned carriage when said first mentioned carriage is reciprocated in a direction reverse to the direction of reciprocation of said first mentioned carriage.

14. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool support comprising a supporting frame, a tool spindle supporting member, a tool s indle jou'rnaled in said member, a tool s in 1e operating member journaled in said rame, said spindle operating member being disposed substantially at right angles to said tool spindle, and means operativel connecting said spindle operating mem er and said tool spindle, said means being mounted on said spindle supporting member. v

15. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool support comprising a supporting frame, a tool spindle su porting member, a tool spindle journale in said member, a tool spindle operating member journaled in said frame, said spindle supporting member being pivotally mounted upon said frame, said spindle operating member being disposed substantially at right an les to said tool spindle, and means operative fy connecting said s indle operatin member and said tool spin 1e, said means eing mounted on said spindle member.

16. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a base, a cutting tool sup ort comprising a supporting frame pivota y mounted upon sa1d base, a tool s indle supporting member ivotally mounte u on said frame, said rame and said spindle supporting member being swingable in planes at right angles to each other, a toolspindle journaled in said member, a s indle operating member journaled in sai frame, said spindle operating pivotally mounted upon said frame, said frame and said spindle supporting member being swingable in planes at right angles to each other, a tool spindle rotatably 1ournaled in said member, a driving shaft ]011I- naled in said frame and disposed at right angles to said spindle, a bevel gear on said spindle, a bevel gear on said shaft, and a bevel gearin mesh with each of the aforesaid gears. said last mentioned gear being rotatably mounted in said spindle supporting means.

18. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a base,a reciprocable and rotatable work support including a work spindle mounted upon said base, a cutting tool support mounted upon said base, said cutting tool support 1ncluding a frame pivoted to said base for swinging movements in'a plane at right angles to the axis of said work spindle, acutting tool spindle supporting member pivotally mounted upon said frame for tiltmg movements directed at right angles to the direction of the swinging movements of said frame.

19. In a. machine for generating gear teeth, a base, a reciprocable and rotatable work support including a work spindle disposed at right angles to said base, mounted upon said base, a cutting tool support mounted upon said base and including a frame pivoted to said base for swinging movements in a plane at right angles to sa1d work-spindle, a cuttin tool s indle pivotally mounted upon sai frame or tilting movements in a plane at right angles to the plane in which said frame is adapted to swing.

20. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a rotatable cutting tool having a material cutting surface disposed at an angle to its axis, a work support adapted to have a gear blank secured thereto, means to support said cutting tool with its cutting surface parallel to the surface of the gear tooth being formed, including means to swing said tool support to dispose said cuttin surface relatively to the blank to provide fbr a substantially correct pressure angle for the tooth being formed, comprising a pivotal connection between said tool support and the bed of said machine.

21. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a rotatable cutting tool having a material cutting surface disposed at an angle to its axis, a work support adapted to have a gear blank secured t ereto, means to support said being formed, said swinging means comprising a pivotal connection between said tool support and the bed of the machine, and means to swing said tool support to dispose said cutting surface relatively to the blank to provide for the spiral angle of the tooth,

being formed.

22. A metal cutting machine, comprising a base, a tool support carrying a cutting tool supported-upon said base,a movable work holder adapted to supportwork in position for cutting operation by said tool, means to automatically reciprocate and rotate said work holder at timed. intervals, including means to automatically index said work holder during the interval said work holder is.

at rest.

23. A metal cutting machine comprising a base, a tool support carrying a cutting tool supported upon said base, a movable work holder adapted to support work in position for cutting operation by said cutting tool, means to reciprocate and rotate said work holder while said cutting tool is cutting the material of the work, means to index said work holder to present a difierent portion of the Work to said cutting tool, and means to automatically operate said aforesaid means to alternate the same.

24C. in a machine for. generating gear teeth, a cutting tool, a work support, and means to substantially simultaneously reciprocate and rotate said work support relatively to said cutting tool, including a worm in mesh with a worm wheel, said worm wheel being secured to said work support.

25. llna machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool, a work support, and means to substantially simultaneously reciprocate and rotate said work support relatively to said cutting tool, means to rotate said work support independently of its reciprocating movement, and a common operable member included in both of the aforesaid means.

26. in a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool, a work support, and means to substantially simultaneously reciprocate and rotate said work support relatively to said cutting tool, means to rotate saidwork sup ,port independently of its reciprocating movement, and means included in both of the aforesaid means comprising a worm wheel secured to said work support, and a worm in mesh with said worm wheel. i

27. in a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool, a work support, and means to substantially simultaneously reciprocate and rotate said worlr support relatively to said cutting tool, means to rotate said work support independently of its reciprocating movement, and means included in both of the aforesaid means comprising a worm wheel secured to said work support, and a worm in mesh with said worm wheel, said worm being reciprocable to provide rotation to said worm wheel when said work support is reciprocated and being rotatable to provide rotation to said worm wheel when said work support is at rest, and means to reciprocate and rotate said Worm. v 28. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool support including a rotatable tool spindle, and a rotatable tool spindle operating member, said tool spindle being swingable about the axis out said tool spindle operating member.

29. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool support comprising a supporting frame, a tool spindle. supporting member, a tool spindle journaled in said member, a tool spindle operating member journaled in said frame, said tool spindle supporting member being pivotally mounted upon said frame whereby said tool spindle is swingable about the axis of said tool spindle operating member.

30. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a work support, means to reciprocate said work support, and means to rotate said work support, said rotating means being actuated by said reciprocating means and also independently thereof.

31.. A metal working machine, comprising a base, a reciprocable carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, a rotatable work support mounted on said carriage, means to rotate said work support, means to cause an additional rotation of said work support to index the same, and a cutting tool mounted upon said base and disposed to act upon said worlr on said work support to form the same while said work is being rotatedand reciprocated.

32. A metal working machine, comprising a base, a reciprocable carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, a rotatable work support mounted on said carriage, means to rotate said work support, means operable to actuate said work support rotating means, rotating means to cause an additional rotation of said work support to index the same, undo cutting tool mounted upon said base and disposed to act upon worlr on said work su port to form the same while said work is eing rotated by said work support rotating means, and reciprocated with said carriage.

' 33. A metal working machine, comprising a base, a carriage slidably mounted upon said base, another carriage slidably mounted upon said base, means to reciprocate said carriages, a wort: support rotatably mounted on one of said carriages, means to rotate the work support in unison with the reciprocation Mill illtil lllt a work support rotatably mounted on one of said carriages, mearis to rotate said work support when said carriage 1s .reciprocated, means to'actuate said work support rotating I means to cause an additional rotation of said work support, and metal cutting means disposed to act upon work in said work support.

35. A metal workin machine, comprising a base, a reciproca le carriage slidably mounted on said base, means to reciprocate said carriage, another reciprocable carriage slidably mounted on said base for movement in the same plane and direction as said first mentioned carriage is moved, means to reciprocate said-second mentioned carriage, a rotatable work support mounted on one of said carriages, means to rotate said work support, and means to remove material from work mounted on said work support while said work support is being rotated and reciprocated.

36. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a work support mounted adjacent a cutting tool, means to move said work support to. intermittently reciprocate and rotate the work toward and away from the tool and to interrupt said movements, and automatically operable means to rotate the work during the interval said movements are interrupted.

37. In a machine for generating gear teeth, awork support mounted adjacent a cutting tool, means to move said work support to intermittently reciprocate and rotate the work toward and away from the tool and to interrupt said movements and automatically operable means to rotate the work during the interval said movements are interrupted, said last named means forming a part of said first mentioned work rotating means.

38. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a work support mounted adjacent a cutting tool, means to move said work support to intermittently reciprocate and rotate the work toward and away from the tool and to interrupt said movements, including a part alternately rotatable and at rest, said part acting upon said work support during the interval the aforesaid movements are interrupted to rotate the work. i

39. In a machine for forming a contour of a. side face of a tooth of a gear by means of a cutting tool, means to set the cutting face of said tool relatively to the radial center line of the gear, to provide for the pressure angle of said tooth including a frame pivotally mounted on the bed of the machine,

and means to roll the side face of the tooth of the gear upon the axis of its pitch circle away from said tool While moving the tooth towards said cutting tool.

40. In a machine for forming a contour of a side face of a tooth of a gear by means of a cutting tool, means to set the cutting face of said tool relatively to the radial center line of the gear to provide for the pressure angle of said tooth, including a frame pivotally mounted on the bed of the machine, means to set the cutting face of said cutting tool parallel to the side face of the tooth, and means to roll the side face of the tooth of the gear upon the axis of its pitch circle away from said tool while moving the tooth towards said cutting tool.

l1. In a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool spindle mounted with its axis at right angles to the axis of its operating member and'being drivingly connected thereto by means of a bevel gear interposed and in mesh with a bevel gear on said spindle and said operating member.

42; In a machine for generating gear teeth, a cutting tool spindle mounted with its axis at right angles to the axis of its operating member and being drivingly connected thereto, said spindle being pivotally mounted for swinging movement about the axis of said operating member, and a bevel gear forming part of the connecting means between said spindle and said operating member, said bevel gear being mounted to swing with said spindle.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of November, 1927. WILLIAM E. SYKES. 

